python 自定义异常的定义和代码

如果你需要自定义异常的话，可以从Exception类派生。 在这个例子中，默认的__init__()异常已被我们重写。

>>> class MyError(Exception):
...     def __init__(self, value):
...         self.value = value
...     def __str__(self):
...         return repr(self.value)
...
>>> try:
...     raise MyError(2*2)
... except MyError as e:
...     print 'My exception occurred, value:', e.value
...
My exception occurred, value: 4
>>> raise MyError, 'oops!'
Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
__main__.MyError: 'oops!'
常见的做法是创建一个由该模块定义的异常基类和子类，创建特定的异常类不同的错误条件。

我们通常定义的异常类，会让它比较简单，允许提取异常处理程序的错误信息，当创建一个异常模块的时候，常见的做法是创建一个由该模块定义的异常基类和子类，根据不同的错误条件，创建特定的异常类：数据分析培训

class Error(Exception):
   """Base class for exceptions in this module."""
   pass

class InputError(Error):
   """Exception raised for errors in the input.

   Attributes:
       expression -- input expression in which the error occurred
       message -- explanation of the error
   """

   def __init__(self, expression, message):
       self.expression = expression
       self.message = message

class TransitionError(Error):
   """Raised when an operation attempts a state transition that's not
   allowed.

   Attributes:
       previous -- state at beginning of transition
       next -- attempted new state
       message -- explanation of why the specific transition is not allowed
   """

   def __init__(self, previous, next, message):
       self.previous = previous
       self.next = next
       self.message = message