在R中，一般用array()函数来创建数组。array()的原型为：array(data = NA, dim = length(data), dimnames = NULL)，其中：data给定数组元素，默认情况下是NA；dim用来指定数组的维度，默认情况下是一维数组；dimnames设定各维度的名称，必须是个列表，默认情况下无名称。


> data <- array(1:24, 2:4) ## 2x3x4的三维数组，元素为1到24的序列
> data
, , 1

[,1] [,2] [,3]

[1,] 1 3 5

[2,] 2 4 6

, , 2

[,1] [,2] [,3]

[1,] 7 9 11

[2,] 8 10 12

, , 3

[,1] [,2] [,3]

[1,] 13 15 17

[2,] 14 16 18

, , 4

[,1] [,2] [,3]

[1,] 19 21 23

[2,] 20 22 24

> dim(data) ##获取数组维度

[1] 2 3 4

## 添加各维度名称

> dimnames(data)[[1]] <- c("male","female")

> dimnames(data)[[2]] <- c("young","middle","old")

> dimnames(data)[[3]] <- c("A","B","C","D")

> dimnames(data) ##输出各维度的名称

[[1]]

[1] "male" "female"

[[2]]

[1] "young" "middle" "old"

[[3]]

[1] "A" "B" "C" "D"

> data

, , A

young middle old

male 1 3 5

female 2 4 6

, , B

young middle old

male 7 9 11

female 8 10 12

, , C

young middle old

male 13 15 17

female 14 16 18

, , D

young middle old

male 19 21 23

female 20 22 24